Squares, ultrafilters and forcing axioms

Joint work with Chris Lambie-Hanson and Jing Zhang.

Abstract. We study the interplay of the three families of combinatorial objects or principles. Specifically, we show the following.

  1. Strong forcing axioms, in general incompatible with the existence of indexed squares, can be made compatible with weaker versions of indexed squares.
  2. Indexed squares and indecomposable ultrafilters with suitable parameters can coexist. This demonstrates that the amount of stationary reflection implied by the existence of an indecomposable ultrafilter is optimal.
  3. The Proper Forcing Axiom implies that any cardinal carrying a uniform indecomposable ultrafilter is either measurable or a supremum of countably many measurable cardinals. Leveraging insights from the preceding sections, we demonstrate that the conclusion cannot be improved.

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