Joint work with Rodrigo Rey Carvalho and Tanmay Inamdar.
Abstract. Leiderman and Szeptycki proved that a single Cohen real introduces a ladder system $L$ over $\aleph_1$ for which the space $X_L$ is not a $\Delta$-space. They asked whether there is a ZFC example of a ladder system $L$ over some cardinal $\kappa$ for which $X_L$ is not countably metacompact, in particular, not a $\Delta$-space. We prove that an affirmative answer holds for $\kappa=cf(\beth_{\omega+1})$. This is an application of a theorem of Shelah concerning diamond on ladder systems, and we include a streamlined presentation of this result. Assuming $\beth_\omega=\aleph_\omega$, we get an example at a much lower cardinal, namely $\kappa=2^{2^{2^{\aleph_0}}}$, and our ladder system $L$ is moreover $\omega$-bounded.
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Update January 2024: Added a section “Club guessing with diamonds”, where we address the case of omega-bounded ladder systems.
Submitted to Journal of Symbolic Logic, December 2023.
Accepted, May 2024.
Update July 2024: Corrected Footnote #1. It used to say “for every lambda” and now says “for class many lambda’s”.